Gingivitis and Periodontitis (Gum Disease)

Gingivitis, or gum disease, is described as a bacterial infection or an inflammation of the gums. If untreated, it can lead to tooth loss. Gingivitis is the first stage of periodontitis, which is a more aggressive state of the disease, described by the destruction of the bone and the tissues supporting the teeth.

Causes

• Poor oral hygiene.
• Hormonal changes caused especially by pregnancy, but also by puberty and menopause.
• Bad habits, especially tobacco.
• Certain medications that reduce the saliva in the mouth, such as Dilantin, or Adalat.
• Certain diseases like diabetes, cancer, or HIV.

Symptoms

• Gums that bleed after brushing or flossing.
• Red and swollen gums.
• Persistent bad breath or bad taste in the mouth.
• Loose teeth.
• Receding gums or wearing away of the teeth.

Diagnosis made by the dentist

• Verifying the presence of gingival pockets; meaning the space created between the tooth and the gum.
• Verifying the color and texture of the gum.
• Verifying if there are any loose teeth.
• Verifying on the x-rays if there is less bone supporting the teeth.

Prevention

• Stopping the use of tobacco, because smokers are seven times more likely to have gingivitis.
• Maintaining good oral hygiene, including flossing.
• Having a diet rich in vitamins and other antioxidants, to reinforce the immune system.
• Avoiding grinding the teeth.
• Reducing stress.

Treatment

The goal of the treatment of gingivitis is to eliminate the infection and to stop the progression. See gum treatments.

Dental Problems

Abscess Broken Fillings Bruxism Cavity Denture Irritation Fluorosis Gum Disease Halitosis Jaw Problems Malocclusion Oral Cancers Plaque Tartar Tooth Discolouration Tooth Sensitivity Ulcer Xerostomia

References